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I DO NOT know about you, but big snakes fascinate me in a way that few other animals. And if we're talking about large snakes, anacondas are talking about, members of the family Boidae animals. Curiously, however, despite its enormous size, little is known about their behaviorthat that is, until recently.

In 1992, biologist Jesús A. Rivas and researchers from the New York-based Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) began to study these giants of the first time in nature. When I read that this field study of six years' duration, took place in a swampy region of Venezuela, had revealed some new facts, I wondered what I had learned. Today I will try to find out.

About names and species

On a sunny afternoon, I go to my office in Brooklyn and head of the WCS headquarters, located in New York's Bronx Zoo. I have done enough research to know some facts on anacondas.

Strangely, the anaconda name may have originated far from South America of the animal house. Some say it comes from the anai Tamil words, which means "elephant" and kolra, meaning "murderer." Others think it comes from the Sinhalese henakanday? (Hena, which means "Ray" and kanda, meaning "mother"). Probably the wordsoriginally Sinhalese in Sri pythons used to Lankawere brought from South America Asia by Portuguese traders.

Speaking of misnomers official name, even of the anaconda, Eunectes murinus, is not exactly correct. Eunectes means "good swimmer and it is. But it murinus "mousy color." For a snake with an olive-colored skin, the name "no seems very appropriate, "notes a reference work.

There is one thing to talk about the scientific names of animals and divisions. The literature on anacondas usually states that there are two species of anaconda. One of them is the subject of this articlethe green anaconda, boa or water, especially in sliding swamps of the Amazon and Orinoco and the Guianas. The other is the smaller yellow anaconda (Eunectes E.), a resident of Paraguay, southern Brazil and northern Argentina.

Meet an expert

Here I am at the Bronx Zoo. This natural park, covering 265 acres of forest [107] wooded acres, is home to over 4,000 animals, including a dozen anacondas. William Holmstrom khaki-clad WCS Department of Herpetology (study of reptiles) is here to meet me at the entrance of the zoo. Mr. Holmstrom 51-year-old New York wearing glasses, mustache and a ready smileis department manager collection of reptiles at the zoo and has participated in field study anacondas in Venezuela. According to him, scientists now recognize the existence of a third species anaconda (E. deschauenseei), a resident of the northeastern coast of Brazil and French Guiana. This afternoon Mr. Holmstrom will be my guide.

It not long before my guide that loves others as snakes or parrots love poodles. She says that since childhood, her parents placed salamanders, frogs, etc. "Father, I liked it. Mother tolerated." Needless to say that Mr. Holmstrom be like his father.

Dazzling, dramatic differences Dimensions

In the reptile house 100 years old, the two of us stood in front of an enclosure that houses an anaconda. Although I am looking for in an animal than expected, but still I can not suppress my astonishment. I marvel at its size and strange proportions. His blunt-nosed head, larger than a man's hand, is dwarfed by the bulky body attached to it. My guide tells me that this reptile is striking is a 16 ft [5 m] female long weighing about 180 pounds [80 kg]. Although his body is almost as thick as a telephone pole, I learn that she is not more than a player of "small" compared to the world record holdera plump female anaconda captured in 1960, was estimated weighed about 500 pounds [227 kg]!

N male anaconda can imagine achieving of such dimensions dazzling. Although I knew that male anacondas herpetologists smaller than females, the field study found that men are much more little "miniature versions of the females. In fact, the study showed that women are, on average, almost five times larger than males. This radical difference in size between the sexes may be misleading, as the biologist Jesús Rivas discovered. It is used to keep a baby anaconda as a pet, but always wondered why the small keeps biting. Only during the field study early did what I had been petting an adult male and nervous!

Wanted! Reward Waiting

While an anaconda is the largest star quality, its length is just as impressive. Of course, anacondas are not as Hollywood giant like movie appears themone represents a 40 feet long [12] m anacondabut the maximum length of 30 feet [9] m or less is more impressive enough to behold.

Anacondas of that size are few and far between. Most females captured during the study were 200 pounds [90 kg] that is about 17 feet [5 m]. In fact, large anacondas are so hard to find that a reward of $ 1,000, offered 90 years ago by the Zoological Society New York (the precursor of the WCS), for any live snake over 30 feet [9.2] m long gone without pay until today. "We get two or three calls a year from people in South America to claim the reward, "Mr. Holmstrom said," but when asked them to send proof of their catch In order to justify our going down there to check it out, never gets the evidence. "Oh, by the way, the reward for a [30-ft 9.2 m] is currently $ 50,000!

Close Up

I follow my guide as I leads to the second floor of the house of reptiles, which serves as a holding and breeding area. The place is warm and humid. To give me a smooth look to my topic of interest, Mr. Holmstrom opened the door of an enclosure that has an anaconda strong female.

At this point, there are about eight feet [2 m] and nothing will elsebetween and animal. Then the anaconda's head slowly rises and moves constantly in our direction. For now only a distance of three feet [1] m remains between the head of the anaconda and ours.

"You better than going back, "Mr. Holmstrom said matter of factly," She may be looking for food. "I totally agree. He closes the gate, and the anaconda's head moves back up to that slowly stops near the center of your body in a spiral.

If you can pass evil-looking high-gloss of the anaconda and take a good look at the head of red stripes, you will see that has remarkable features. Anaconda's eyes and nose, for example, form the highest points in your head. This allows the snake to submerge its body and head and out of the eyes and nostrils just above water surfacemuch the way alligators do. That explains why the snake approaches prey while being camouflaged.

Jaws Tight and Loose Coils

The anaconda is not poisonous. Mata wrapping its coils tightly around their prey. Do not crush their prey, but each time you exhale victim, the snake tightens its coils until smothers the helpless victim. Most ducks anythingfrom to deeris considered fair game. However, credible reports that people from being eaten by anacondas are rare.

Since snakes can not chew or break the meal, the anaconda has no choice but to swallow their prey dead wholeeven if the dam is much thicker than the snake itself. In fact, if you can cope with food the way an anaconda does, you could wrap your lips around a coconut drink and down it all so easily as if were a peanut. How does anaconda do?

"Walk your head on the dam," Mr. Holmstrom said. He explains the jaw of the anaconda is loosely attached to his head. Before his teeth into a victim bulky, its lower jaw can drop down and out. Then anaconda pushing the side of his lower jaw forward, the hooks of her teeth look back at the dam, and pull on that side of the mandible and the barrier again in your mouth. Then repeat the same steps with the other half of his lower jaw. To some extent, the upper jaw can do the same. With this move alternating forward, the jaw of the animal in fact seems to walk on the dam. Once the prey is swallowed, which may take several hours, a few snake yawning times, and the various parts of his head fall into place flexible.

What prevents the anaconda choke? The presence of a retractable trachea located on the floor of the mouth. While working their tickets for food, the anaconda pushing his windpipe to the outside to the front of your mouth. Thus, the trachea snorkellike anaconda gives access to the air while eating.

Who's Who?

My guide now off the top of a terrarium, and look down on two young anacondas. Their identical appearance I wonder how the researchers were able to differentiate between the hundreds of wild anacondas studied during Venezuelan project.

Mr. Holmstrom said that he tried to solve the problem of identification, making small clips Irons paper. Heat the grill "and mark a small number on the heads of the anacondas. The method worked well until that snakes shed their skinand your number! The researchers noted, however, that each anaconda and bears his identification mark. Each snake has a pattern of black spots on the underside of its tail yellow single for each snake as a thumbprint is a human. "All I had to do was the outline of the pattern found in a section of skin 15 length scales, and we have sufficient variation to distinguish the 800 snakes that we studied. "

The Faster, stronger or stronger?

At the conclusion of the interview in the office of Mr. Holm-strom, he shows me a picture he took in Venezuela of all men anacondas coiled around each other. It's a show fascinating. He explained that the knot of tangled bodies anaconda breeding forms a ball call. (See photo on page 26.) "Somewhere in this ball is a female anaconda. Once we found a woman with 13 men in a spiral around herthat was a record. "

Are men fight? Well, it looks more like a wrestling match in slow motion. Each of the male contenders is to squeeze the other out and maneuver himself into a position mating with the female. The party can last from two to four weeks. Who wins? The fastest (the man who found the first woman), the fittest (the male that produces the greatest amount of sperm), or the strongest (outwrestles male competition)? Researchers hope to find the answer soon.

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